Present Perfect

يتككون زمن المضارع التام من HAS / HAVE ثم التصريف الثالث للفعل
[HAS / HAVE] + [past participle]



:EXAMPLES

I have seen that movie many times

I have never seen that movie


الاستخدامات



USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now




يعبر زمن المضارع التام لوصف فعل بدأ في الماضي في وقت غير محدد. و الوقت المحدد غير مهم و لا يمكن استخدام تعبيرات زمنيه مثل yesterday اوone year ago او when I was a chlid الخ.


We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with time expressions such as "yesterday," "one year ago," "last week," "when I was a chlid," "when I lived in Japan," "at that moment," "that day" or "one day." We CAN use the Present Perfect with expressions like "ever," "never," "once," "many times," "several times," "before," "so far," "already" and "yet."




:EXAMPLES



I have seen that movie twenty times

I think I have met him once before

There have been many earthquakes in California

؟Has there ever been a war in the United States
Yes, there has been a war in the United States

People have traveled to the moon


(USE 2 Duration From Past Until Now (Non-continuous Verbs




للتعبير عن شيء ما بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي الان
With Non-continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks" and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.


:EXAMPLES



I have had a cold for two weeks

She has been in England for six months

Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl


ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect



:EXAMPLES



Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE

That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE